Propuesta de política pública transversal para el cumplimiento de la corresponsabilidad recaudatoria

In this work of research it proposes a public transverse politics with base in programs and strategies that consider to be the principal explanatory variables of the capacity of management of the municipalities to stimulate the compliance of the shared responsibility of collection and allow to the municipalities to increase their proper income and to be efficient in the capture of federal and state resources. The offer is compared across the study of cases in the municipality of Zapopan of the State of Jalisco, Mexico, in the period 2013-2018. The results show that the income autogenerated by the municipality during the last years had a positive trend, which represents an important base for Zapopan's finance and that has been a result of the programs implementation and mechanisms directed to increasing the institutional capacity, administrative, financial and the creation of canals of participation and transparency. The research allows to verify that the municipality, object of study possesses financial and tributary autonomy as expression of the compliance of the shared responsibility in the field of taxes and rights what has had a direct effect in the capture of federal and state resources.En este trabajo de investigación se propone una política pública transversal con base en programas y estrategias que consideran las principales variables explicativas de la capacidad de gestión de los municipios para incentivar el cumplimiento de la corresponsabilidad recaudatoria y le permita a los municipios incrementar los ingresos propios y ser eficientes en la captación de recursos federales y estatales. La propuesta se contrasta a través de estudio de casos en el municipio Zapopan del Estado de Jalisco, México, en el periodo 2013-2018. Los resultados muestran que los ingresos autogenerados por el municipio durante los últimos años tienen una tendencia positiva, lo que representa una base importante para las finanzas de Zapopan y que ha sido resultado de la implementación de programas y mecanismos dirigidos a aumentar la capacidad institucional, administrativa, financiera y la creación decanales de participación y transparencia. La investigación permite constatar que el municipio objeto de estudio cuenta con autonomía financiera y tributaria como expresión del cumplimiento de la corresponsabilidad en materia de impuestos y derechos lo que ha tenido un efecto directo en la captación de recursos federales y estatales

Unified Ontology for a Holonic Manufacturing System

[ES] Los sistemas holónicos de manufactura son integrados por holones capaces de comportarse de una manera autónoma, cooperativa, auto-organizada y reconfigurable para adoptar estructuras distintas en condiciones de operación normales y de emergencia. Dichos holones cuentan con: (1) una representación del conocimiento, (2) una unidad de control distribuido y descentralizado, y (3) un módulo de coordinación. El objeto de interés de la presente investigación es la concepción de una ontología unificada en el dominio de manufactura, que garantice los requisitos en el formalismo del modelo de conocimiento de un sistema holónico. A diferencia de los modelos ontológicos encontrados en la literatura, el esquema de representación del conocimiento propuesto integra roles y comportamientos, mismos que son validados mediante un caso de estudio de una celda de manufactura de un laboratorio universitario. Los resultados muestran que al hacer uso de un vocabulario común, es posible representar coherentemente el conocimiento para que toda clase de holones en una holarquía puedan intercambiar, compartir y recuperar información.[EN] Holonic manufacturing systems are formed by holons that are capable of behaving in an autonomous, cooperative, selforganized and reconfigurable way to adopt dierent structures under normal and emergency operating conditions. These holons possess: (1) a representation of the world in which they live, (2) a distributed and decentralized control unit, and (3) a coordination module. The object of interest of the present research is the conception of a unified ontology in manufacturing domain, that guarantees the requirements in the formalism of the knowledge model of a holonic system. Unlike the ontological models found in the literature, the proposed knowledge representation scheme integrates roles and behaviors, which are validated through a case study of a manufacturing cell from a university laboratory. The results show that by using a common vocabulary, it is possible to represent knowledge coherently so that all kinds of holons in a holarchy can exchange, share and retrieve information. Simón-Marmolejo, I.; López-Ortega, O.; Ramos-Velasco, LE.; Ortiz-Domínguez, M. (2018). Ontología Unificada para un Sistema Holónico de Manufactura. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 15(2):217-230. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2017.8851OJS217230152Araúzoa, J. A., del Olmo-Martínez, R., Laviós, J. J., de Benito-Martín, J. J., 2015. Programación y control de sistemas de fabricación flexibles: un enfoque holónico. RIAI - Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial 12 (1), 58-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2014.11.005Barbosa, J., Leitao, P., Adam, E., Trentesaux, D., 2015. Dynamic selforganization in holonic multi-agent manufacturing systems: The ADACOR evolution. Computers in industry 66, 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2014.10.011Bellifemine, F., Caire, G., Greenwood, D., 2004. Developing multi-agent systems with JADE. Wiley Series in Agent Technology, Series Editor: Wooldridge, M., Liverpool University, UK.Blanc, P., Demongodin, I., Castagna, P., 2008. A holonic approach for manufacturing execution system design: An industrial application. Engineering applications of artificial intelligence 21 (3), 315-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2008.01.007Borgo, S., Leitao, P., 2007. Foundations for a core ontology of manufacturing. In: Sharma, R., Kishore, R., Ramesh, R. (Eds.), Ontologies, A Handbook of principles, concepts and aplications in information systems. Springer Science +Business Media, NY, USA, Ch. 27, pp. 751-775, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-37022-4Botti, V., Giret, A., 2008. ANEMONA, A multi-agent methodology for holonic manufacturing systems. Springer: Departamento de sistemas informáticos y computación (DSIC), Valencia, Spain, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-310-1Bravo, C., Aguilar-Castro, J., Ríos, A., Aguilar-Martin, J., Rivas, F., 2011. Arquitectura basada en inteligencia artificial distribuida para la gerencia integrada de producción industrial. RIAI - Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial 8 (4), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2011.09.013Brussel, H. V.,Wyns, J., Valckenaers, P., Bongaerts, L., Peeters, P., 1998. Reference architecture for holonic manufacturing systems: PROSA. Computers in industry 37 (3), 255-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3615(98)00102-XCaire, G., Cabanillas, D., April 2010. JADE TUTORIAL, application-defined content languages and ontologies. Support provided by JADE, Italia S.p.A, 9th Edition. URL: http://jade.tilab.com/doc/tutorials/CLOntoSupport.pdfCheca, D., Rojas, O., 2014. Ontología para los sistemas holónicos de manufactura basados en la unidad de producción. Revista colombiana de tecnologías de avanzada 1 (23), 134-141. URL: http://www.academia.edu/8676921/ONTOLOÍA_PARA_LOS_SISTEMAS_HOLÓNICOS_DE_MANUFACTURA_BASADOS_EN_LA_UNIDAD_DE_PRODUCCIÓNChristensen, J. H., December 1994. Holonic manufacturing systems: Initial architecture and standards directions. In: At first European Conference on Holonic Manufacturing Systems. Hannover, Germany, pp. 1-20. URL: http://holobloc.com/papers/hannover.pdfCorcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., 2003. Methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies. Where is their meeting point? Data & Knowledge Engineering 46 (1), 41-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-023X(02)00195-7Correa da Silva, F. S., Vasconcelos, W. W., Robertson, D. S., Brilhante, V., de Melo, A. C. V., M., F., Agustí, J., 2002. On the insufficiency of ontologies: problems in knowledge sharing and alternative solution. Knowledge-Base Systems 15 (3), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-7051(01)00152-6de las Morenas, J., García, A., Martínez, F., P., G., 2015. Implementación del control en planta de un centro de distribución automatizado mediante agentes físicos y RFID. RIAI - Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial 12 (1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2014.11.002Fernández, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., Uristo, N., 1997. Methontology: From ontological art towards ontological engineering. AAAI Technical Report, 33-40. URL: http://oa.upm.es/5484/Giraldo, G., Arboleda, A., Zapata, G., 2013. Enfoque ontológico para detectar conceptos holónicos en las organizaciones. Revista facultad de ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia 69, 53-66. URL: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=43029812004Gómez-Pérez, A., Fernández, M., Vicente, A. d., August 1996. Towards a method to conceptualize domain ontologies. In: At 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Budapest, Rumania, pp. 41-51. URL: http://oa.upm.es/7228/Indriago, C., Cardin, O., Rakoto, N., Castagna, P., Chac'on, E., 2016. H2CM: A holonic architecture for flexible hybrid control systems. Computers in industry 77, 15-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2015.12.005ISO, 1997. ISO 10303 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Product data representation and exchange - Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles. ISO - International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/20579.htmlISO, 1998. ISO 15531 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Industrial Manufacturing Management Data - Part 1: General overview. ISO - International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. URL: http://hsevi.ir/RI Standard/View/2880ISO, 1999. ISO 13584 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Parts Library - Part 1: Overview and Fundamental Principles. ISO - International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/25103.htmlJules, G., Saadat, M., Saeidlou, S., 2015. Holonic ontology and interaction protocol for manufacturing network organization. IEEE Transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics: systems 45 (5), 819-830, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2014.2387099Koestler, A., 1990. The ghost in the machine. Arkana. Koppensteiner, G., Grabler, R., Miller, D., Merdan, M., 2015. Virtual enterprises based on multiagent systems. In: Leitao, P., Karnouskos, S. (Eds.), Industrial agents: Emerging application of software agents in industry. Elsevier Inc., MA, USA, Ch. 7, pp. 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800341-1.00007-3Leitao, P., Restivo, F., 2006. ADACOR: a holonic architecture for agile and adaptive manufacturing control. Computers in industry 57 (2), 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2005.05.005Leitao, P., Restivo, F., 2008. Implementation of a holonic control system in a flexible manufacturing system. IEEE systems, man, and cybernetics society 38 (5), 699-709, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2008.923881Lemaignan, S., Siadat, A., Dantan, J. Y., Semenenko, A., June 2006. MASON: A proposal for an ontology of manufacturing domain. In: At IEEEWorkshop on Distributed Intelligent Systems: Collective Intelligence and Its Applications. pp. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1109/DIS.2006.48López-Ortega, O., Ramírez-Hernández, M., 2007. A formal framework to integrate express data models in an extended enterprise context. Intelligent manufacturing 18, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-007-0035-7Luther, M., 2008. Ontologies. In: Berndt, H. (Ed.), Towards 4G Technologies. Services with Initiative. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chippenham, England, Ch. 7, pp. 141-164, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470010334Noy, N. F., McGuinness, D., March 2001. Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. [online] Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, EE. UU. URL: http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology-tutorial-noy-mcguinness-abstract.htmlOunnar, F., Pujo, P., 2012. Pull control for job shop: holonic manufacturing system approach using multicriteria decision-making. Intelligent manufacturing 23 (1), 141-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-009-0288-4Raileanu, S., Borangiu, T., Radulescu, S., 2014. Towards an ontology for distributed manufacturing control. In: Borangiu, T., Trentesaux, D., Thomas, A. (Eds.), Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing and Robotics. Vol. 544 of Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer International Publishing, Ch. Part II, pp. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04735-5Shen, W., Norrie, D. H., Barthès, A., 2001. Multi-agent systems for concurrent intelligent design and manufacturing. Taylor & Francis Group, NY, USA, Ch. 11, pp. 215-227. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203305607Tarun, K. J., Bipradas, B., Soumen, P., Bijan, S., Jyotirmoy, S., 2013. Dynamic schedule execution in an agent based holonic manufacturing system. Manufacturing systems 32 (4), 801-816, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2013.07.004Unland, R., 2015. Industrial agents. In: Leitao, P., Karnouskos, S. (Eds.), Industrial agents: Emerging application of software agents in industry. Elsevier Inc., Amsterdam, Netherlands, Ch. 2, pp. 23-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800341-1.00002-4Uschold, M., Gruninger, M., 1996. Ontologies: principles, methods ans applications. Knowledge Engineering Review 11 (2), 93-136, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888900007797Uschold, M., King, M., Moralee, S., Zorgios, Y., 1998. The enterprise ontology. The knowledge engineering review 13 (1), 31-89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888998001088Wang, F., Xu, D., Tan, M., Wan, Z., 2005. A holonic architecture for reconfigurable manufacturing systems. IEEE International conference on industrial technology, 905-909. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2005.160076

Adaptive threshold PCA for fault detection and isolation

Fault diagnosis is an important issue in industrial processes to avoid economic losses, process damage, and to guarantee safe working conditions for the operators. For high scale industrial processes the data-driven based methods are the best solution for process monitoring and fault diagnosis. Thus, in this paper, the principal component analysis is shown to detect and isolate faults. Also, a dynamic threshold is implemented to avoid false alarms because incipient faults are difficult to be detected. As a case of study, the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process is used to apply this strategy because the interaction among five units with internal control loops makes difficult to have an approached model. As results are shown the detection times, for cases where were analyzed incipient faults, the time required for fault detection must be improved, in this work, an adaptive threshold was used to reduce the false alarms but it also increases the detection times. It was concluded that the Q chart gave a better result for fault detection; the isolation times were similar to the detection ones. Two incipient faults could not be detected, the fault detection rate was similar to the shown in literature, but the detection times were better in 35% of the cases, unfortunately for four faults the detection times were bigger than the reported in other papers. It is proposed to help this method with independent component analysis due it is not guaranteed to have a Gaussian distribution in the samples

Fabrication and photophysical studies of CdTe quantum-dots dispersed in SiO2 sonogel optical-glasses

The catalyst-free sonogel route has been implemented to fabricate highly pure SiO2 glasses as host materials for CdTe quantum dot nanocrystals synthesized in aqueous solution. Developed CdTe-based inorganic–inorganic hybrid composites exhibited rigid bulk structures with controllable geometrical shapes and dopant concentrations, allowing the control of the optical properties in the solid-state confinement. Comprehensive linear and nonlinear photophysical characterizations were performed according to UV–vis absorbance, Raman and photoluminescent spectroscopies; the linear refractive indices of highly/lowly CdTe-doped samples were also estimated according to the Brewster angle technique. Since the hybrid glasses are amorphous in nature, the cubic nonlinear optical activity of these composites has been tested via the Z-Scan technique. Results show that the CdTe quantum dots were homogeneously embedded within the SiO2-sonogel matrix with only small guest–host molecular interactions and preserving their strong photoluminescent properties; thus providing advanced solid-state heterostructured nanocomposite materials suitable for current technological photonic applications

PRODUCCION DE PEPINO (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.) EN FUNCION DE LA DENSIDAD DE PLANTACION EN CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO

The vegetable production under greenhouse conditions has lately increased significantly in Mexico, with cucumbers occupying 10% of the cultivated area. The planting density is a determining factor in the degree of competition between plants, and may affect the yield and fruit quality as density changes. This study was carried out at the experimental field of the Sonora University, during the winter-spring period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hybrid Modan, in response to planting density under greenhouse conditions, as well as the use of grafting. The treatments evaluated were three planting densities: 13 200, 22 000, and 26 400 plants ha-1, the first one with double stem, grafted plants. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with four replications. Days to flowering, time for plants to grow downwards, days to harvest, virus symptoms, nodes per stem, internode length, stem diameter, commercial production (fruit number per stem, fruit weight and yield), as well as fruit quality (length, diameter, firmness and soluble solids) were evaluated. Both planting density and grafting did not influence days to flowering, time to grow downwards, presence of viruses, fruit per stem and fruit weight, as well as fruit length and diameter, firmness and soluble solids. Days to harvest (72 days), stem diameter (11.2 mm) and internode length (8.7 cm), were higher for grafted plants. The yield was higher with increasing plant density in both grafted (17.7 kg m-2) and plants in their own roots (17.4 kg m-2). Fruit weight and quality parameters, were within the standards established for American-type cucumber

Ventajas de la anestesia intravenosa libre de opioides en cirugía ambulatoria oncológica de mama

Introduction: opioid-free general anesthesia arises from the need to avoid the use of opioids in the transoperative period and the undesirable effects in the postoperative period.Objective: to assess the hemodynamic behavior and anesthetic recovery in patients who underwent ambulatory surgery for breast cancer and those who were given either opioid-free intravenous general or balanced general anesthesia.Methods: a quasi-experimental, prospective study was carried out on patients who received balanced general anesthesia (n=34) and total opioid-free intravenous anesthesia (n=34), who underwent breast cancer surgery at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital during 2018.Results: the group of balanced general anesthesia showed greater intraoperative variation of the parameters assessed, with significant differences (p=0.019). The mean time of awakening was lower in the intravenous total anesthesia group (2.10 ± 0,907 min vs. 5,35 ± 1,250 min; p<0.01), as was pain, with significant difference (p<0.05) and the recovery time, where one hour after the surgery, 85 % met the criteria for anesthesia discharge. The delay in discharge from the recovery unit occurred mainly because of the low level of motor activity, with a higher incidence in the group of balanced general anesthesia (71% vs. 26 %; p=0.00).Conclusions: intravenous opioid-free total anesthesia was higher to the balanced general approach because it showed greater hemodynamic and analgesic stability, lower incidence of postoperative complications, and shorter time spent in the post-anesthesia recovery room.Introducción: la anestesia general libre de opioides surge ante la necesidad de evasión del uso de opioides en el transoperatorio y sus efectos indeseados en el posoperatorio.Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento hemodinámico y la recuperación anestésica en pacientes intervenidas mediante cirugía ambulatoria por cáncer de mama, en las cuales se administró anestesia general total intravenosa libre de opioides o general balanceada.Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, prospectivo en pacientes a las que se aplicó anestesia general balanceada (n=34) y total intravenosa libre de opioides (n=34) intervenidas quirúrgicamente por cáncer de mama, en el Hospital General Docente “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado”, durante el 2018.Resultados: el grupo de anestesia general balanceada mostró mayor variación intraoperatoria de los parámetros evaluados, con diferencias significativas (p=0,019). El tiempo medio de despertar fue menor en el grupo de anestesia total intravenosa (2,10 ± 0,907 min vs 5,35 ± 1,250 min; p<0,01), al igual que el dolor, con diferencia significativa (p<0,05) y el tiempo de recuperación, donde una hora después de la intervención, el 85 % cumplía los criterios de alta anestésica. El retraso en el alta de la unidad de recuperación ocurrió principalmente por el bajo nivel de actividad motora, con mayor incidencia en el grupo de anestesia general balanceada (71 % vs 26 %; p=0,00).Conclusiones: la anestesia total intravenosa libre de opioides fue superior al método general balanceado, pues mostró mayor estabilidad hemodinámica y analgesia, menor incidencia de complicaciones posoperatorias y menor tiempo de estancia en sala de recuperación posanestésica.

Neurocysticercosis, unusual manifestations

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection in the central nervous system. This disease is presented when a person ingests Taenia solium eggs excreted in feces from another individual infected with taeniasis. In 50% of the cases, neurocysticercosis takes place in the brain parenchyma, and its appearance is less frequent in the posterior fossa and the spinal cord.The case of a patient with an atypical location of the parasite at the medulla oblongata, between parenchymal and spinal areas, is presented. The initial symptoms were common but its subsequent manifestations were similar to those of Bruns syndrome. Furthermore, the epidemiological profile of neurocysticercosis in Colombia, its control measures and prevention strategies were reviewed in this study.La neurocisticercosis es la infección parasitaria más frecuente en el sistema nervioso central; esta enfermedad se desarrolla cuando los huevos de Taenia solium excretados en heces de un individuo con teniasis son ingeridos por otra persona. La presentación de la neurocisticercosis tiene lugar en el parénquima cerebral en 50% de los casos, mientras que en la fosa posterior y en la médula espinal es menos frecuente.Se presenta el caso de un paciente que tuvo una ubicación exótica del parásito a nivel del bulbo raquídeo concomitando con la forma parenquimatosa y medular; las manifestaciones clínicas iniciales fueron las comunes, pero sus síntomas posteriores se caracterizaron por el síndrome de Bruns. Además, durante la investigación se revisó el perfil epidemiológico de la neurocisticercosis en Colombia y las medidas de control y de prevención

Contexto de universitarios de enfermería en educación remota de emergencia

Introduction: In a pandemic, the strategy to continue the educational process has been emergency remote education (ERE), work mediated by technology in three modalities: virtual education, online teaching and Blended. In a student context, it is important to know aspects directly related to learning such as technology and the Internet, family support, study-work combination and mental well-being. Objective: To characterize the context of nursing university students in ERE. Type of study: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, exploratory. Research technique and instrument: Interview and questionnaire, explores electronic devices and the Internet, physical area for classes, remote teaching/family dynamics/learning relationship, work and study, and emotional well-being. Population and sample: Enrolled students 490, sample made up of 115 students (23% of the population). Results: Devices used, personal computer 69%, cell phone 15%, desktop computer; 14%; 65% own team, 33% shared. Internet connection, 52% telephone line, 38% cable, 8% data. Connection quality, 20% good, 76% fair, 4% poor; 67% have physical space. 87% received financial support, 67% and 65% supported for household chores and care for the person(s) in their care. 94% virtuality interferes with learning; 64% worked, 15% work related to nursing. 38% work interferes with studies. 50% worked in support of the family economy. Anxiety, worry and anguish originated in 91% more time for school activities, 87% decreased concentration. Conclusion: It is important to continue researching to propose alternatives in order to influence the areas of opportunity detected, from a socially responsible academic perspective.Introducción: En pandemia, la estrategia para continuar con el proceso educativo ha sido la educación remota de emergencia (ERE), trabajo mediado por tecnología en tres modalidades: educación virtual, enseñanza en línea y Blended. En contexto estudiantil, es importante conocer aspectos relacionados directamente con aprendizaje como tecnología e internet, soporte familiar, combinación estudio-trabajo y bienestar mental. Objetivo: Caracterizar el contexto de universitarios de enfermería en ERE. Tipo de estudio: Cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, exploratorio. Técnica de investigación e instrumento: Entrevista y cuestionario, explora dispositivos electrónicos e internet, área física para clases, relación enseñanza remota/dinámica familiar/aprendizaje, trabajo y estudio y bienestar emocional. Población y muestra: Alumnos inscritos 490, muestra conformada por 115 estudiantes (23% de la población). Resultados: Dispositivos utilizados, computadora personal 69%, teléfono celular 15%, computadora de escritorio; 14%; 65% equipo propio, 33% compartido. Conexión de internet, 52% línea telefónica, 38% cable, 8% datos. Calidad de conexión, 20% buena, 76% regular, 4% mala; 67% disponen de espacio físico. 87% recibieron respaldo económico, 67% y 65% apoyados para tareas hogareñas y cuidado de persona(s) a su cargo. 94% virtualidad interfiere con aprendizaje; 64% laboró, 15% trabajo relacionado con enfermería. 38% trabajo interfiere con estudios. 50% trabajó en apoyo a economía familiar. Ansiedad, preocupación y angustia originaron en91% más tiempo para actividades escolares, 87% disminución de concentración. Conclusión: Resulta importante continuar investigando para proponer alternativas a fin de incidir en las áreas de oportunidad detectadas, desde una perspectiva académica socialmente responsable

Learning styles in undergraduate students of health sciences and intercultural university from universidad veracruzana

Introducción: Durante años, se ha analizado el proceso del aprendizaje. Los resultados, generan diferentes opiniones de su origen, teorías y principios de cómo el cerebro obtiene el conocimiento y genera diversas opciones para almacenarlo y clasificarlo. Generándose así, el término “Estilo de aprendizaje”, refiriendóse al hecho de que cada persona, al aprender, utiliza su método o estrategia. Objetivo: Determinar el ó los estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes de licenciaturas de Ciencias de la Salud, región Xalapa y Universidad Veracruzana Intercultural (UVI). Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y comparativo. Población y muestra: Alumnos inscritos en el período agosto 2019-enero 2020. La muestra fue probabilística estratificada por licenciatura, con una confiabilidad de 95%. Instrumento: Honey-Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje (CHAEA) en línea, consta de 80 ítems dicotómicos, distribuidos aleatoriamente, evalúa cuatro estilos de aprendizaje (activo, reflexivo, teórico y pragmático). Resultados: Los estilos son similares en enfermería, medicina, psicología y UVI con 50% y 52% en el estilo reflexivo, para odontología y bioanálisis 48.1% y 45.6% respectivamente, asimismo para nutrición es el 31.4%. Conclusión: El estilo de aprendizaje encontrado en los estudiantes de ciencias de salud y UVI es el reflexivo, aunque se observaron diversas combinaciones e inclusive individuos con hasta cuatro estilos.Introduction: For years, the learning process has been analyzed. The results generate different opinions of its origin, theories and principles of how the brain obtains knowledge and generates various options to store and classify it. Thus generating the term "Learning Style", referring to the fact that each person, when learning, uses their method or strategy. Objective: To determine the learning style (s) in undergraduate students of Health Sciences, Xalapa region and Intercultural Universidad Veracruzana (UVI). Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative study. Population and sample: Students enrolled in the period August 2019-January 2020. The sample was probabilistic stratified by degree, with a reliability of 95%. Instrument: Honey-Alonso of Learning Styles (CHAEA) online, consists of 80 dichotomous items, randomly distributed, assesses four learning styles (active, reflective, theoretical and pragmatic). Results: The styles are similar in nursing, medicine, psychology and ICU with 50% and 52% in the reflective style, for dentistry and bioanalysis 48.1% and 45.6% respectively, also for nutrition it is 31.4%. Conclusion:The learning style found in health sciences and ICU students is reflective, although various combinations were observed and even individuals with up to four styles

Caracterización edafológica con cultivo de agave azul (Agave tequilana Weber) en Tonaya y Tuxcacuesco, Jalisco, México

El cultivo del agave azul es de importancia económica en el estado de Jalisco, genera gran cantidad de empleos y es la principal fuente económica de varios municipios como es el caso de Tonaya y Tuxcacuesco. No obstante, en la actualidad se desconoce el estado edafológico de los suelos, se exhibe un limitado conocimiento de los factores que regulan el crecimiento del cultivo, lo que propicia que los rendimientos en el cultivo no se consideren óptimos. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado de la fertilidad de los suelos cultivados con agave azul en parcelas con distintas características (vírgenes y con varios ciclos de siembra) y diagnosticar su estado, en los municipios de Tonaya y Tuxcacuesco, con el fin de proponer prácticas de manejo y nutrición eficientes. Se analizaron los suelos en laboratorio, encontrándose las siguientes características; los resultados obtenidos evidencian que en promedio los suelos presentaron valores de pH de 7.7, la concentración de materia orgánica con promedio de 2.19%, en la mayoría de los sitios se encontraron deficiencias de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio, clasificando a los suelos en la categoría de bajos a pobres en cuanto al contenido nutricional. Con base en los análisis estadísticos se demostró que no existen diferencias significativas entre los tipos de parcelas evaluadas, su contenido de materia orgánica y nutrientes. En cuanto a las prácticas de manejo se recomienda utilizar abonos orgánicos y el sistema de policultivo frijol, maíz y agave cuando el contexto agrícola y económico lo permitan